Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 26, 2026
Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
Published on: June 13, 2021
A model for the HELLP syndrome: the maternal experience
Maria C Kidner1, Mary Beth Flanders-Stepans
1South Big Horn County Critical Care Access, Basin, WY 82410, USA. kidner@tctwest.net
Objective:
To describe the experience of mothers whose pregnancies were complicated with HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) and to determine if such experiences could be clustered by common themes from which a model could emerge.
Design:
Retrospective, descriptive, qualitative study utilizing grounded theory analysis.
Setting:
Participants were interviewed in their homes via telephone. Participants were from Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, South Carolina, Utah, and Wyoming, representing both urban and rural settings.
Participants:
Nine self-selected survivors of HELLP syndrome.
Results:
The essential structure of the experience of HELLP syndrome can be expressed as a circle of no control and not knowing, which included the five themes of premonition, symptoms, betrayal, whirlwind, and loss. The pervading emotions expressed were fear (of death), frustration, anger, and guilt. HELLP syndrome represents a unique maternal experience that can be expressed in a model.
