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Updated: Aug 26, 2026

An Anaerobic Biosensor Assay for the Detection of Mercury and Cadmium
Published on: December 17, 2018
The gender differences in health effects of environmental cadmium exposure and potential mechanisms
Muneko Nishijo1, Soisungwan Satarug, Ryumon Honda
1Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan. ni-koei@kanazawa-med.ac.jp
Abstract:
On a viewpoint of gender differences in Cd body burden and its health effects, we reviewed the population-based research including our own which conducted in Japan, Thailand, Australia, Poland, Belgium and Sweden to assess health effects of human exposure to environmental cadmium and their potential mechanisms. As a result, six risk factors in Cd health effects in women have been identified; (1) more serious type of renal tubular dysfunction, (2) difference in calcium metabolism and its regulatory hormones, (3) kidney sensitivity; difference in P450 phenotype, (4) pregnancy, (5) body iron store status, and (6) genetic factors. Further studies of Cd toxicity targeted to women would now appear necessary.
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