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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Cellular Adaptation II: Hypertrophy01:26

Cellular Adaptation II: Hypertrophy

Hypertrophy is the increase in the size of individual cells, resulting in the enlargement of a tissue or organ. Unlike hyperplasia, which involves an increase in cell number, hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in cell volume. This process often occurs in response to higher functional demand or hormonal stimulation, leading to the production of more structural proteins and organelles, thereby enhancing the cells' work capacity.There are two primary types of hypertrophy: physiological...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Technique of Minimally Invasive Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice for Induction of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
08:34

Technique of Minimally Invasive Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice for Induction of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Published on: September 25, 2017

Genes for left ventricular hypertrophy.

Donna K Arnett1, Lisa de las Fuentes, Ulrich Broeckel

  • 1Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South Second Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA. arnett@epi.umn.edu

Current Hypertension Reports
|February 20, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a common condition linked to heart failure and stroke. Genetic factors significantly contribute to LVH development, interacting with environmental influences.

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is prevalent, especially in hypertensive individuals.
  • LV hypertrophy significantly increases cardiovascular disease, stroke, and chronic heart failure risks.
  • While hypertension, obesity, and diabetes are risk factors, they don't explain all cases, indicating a genetic role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the genetic basis of left ventricular hypertrophy.
  • To review the pathophysiology of LV hypertrophy and dysfunction.
  • To present evidence for the genetic underpinnings of LV hypertrophy in humans and animal models.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on LV hypertrophy.
  • Analysis of heritability studies for LV mass.
  • Identification of candidate genes involved in LV structure and function.

Main Results:

  • LV hypertrophy is a complex genetic disease influenced by gene-environment interactions.
  • Heritability of LV mass ranges from 0.3 to 0.7, indicating a familial component.
  • Candidate genes involved in cellular structure, signaling, metabolism, and blood pressure regulation are implicated.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic factors play a crucial role in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy.
  • Understanding the genetic basis is essential for identifying individuals at risk and developing targeted therapies.
  • Further research into gene-environment interactions is needed to fully elucidate LV hypertrophy pathogenesis.