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Bed rest in singleton pregnancies for preventing preterm birth
Insights
Current evidence does not support bed rest for preventing preterm birth. Clinicians should discuss potential harms and benefits with high-risk patients, as routine advice lacks supporting data.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Background:
- Bed rest is commonly recommended to prevent preterm birth, based on the idea it reduces uterine activity.
- However, potential adverse effects of bed rest on maternal and infant outcomes are a concern.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of prescribed bed rest (in hospital or at home) for preventing preterm birth in high-risk pregnancies.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials.
- Searched multiple databases including Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and POPLINE up to July 2003.
- Two independent reviewers assessed eligibility, quality, and extracted data.
Main Results:
- One study with 1266 women met inclusion criteria; methodological quality was uncertain.
- Preterm birth rates were similar between the bed rest group (7.9%) and the control group (8.5%).
- No other clinical outcomes were reported.
Conclusions:
- There is insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of bed rest for preventing preterm birth.
- Despite widespread use, bed rest lacks proven benefits and may have adverse effects.
- Clinicians should counsel high-risk women on potential benefits and harms, and further research is needed.
Background:
Bed rest in hospital or at home is widely recommended for the prevention of preterm birth. This advice is based on the observation that hard work and hard physical activity during pregnancy could be associated with preterm birth and with the idea that bed rest could reduce uterine activity. However, bed rest may have some adverse effects on other outcomes.
Objectives:
To evaluate the effect of prescription of bed rest in hospital or at home for preventing preterm birth in pregnant women at high risk of preterm birth.
Search Strategy:
We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register (July 2003), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2003), MEDLINE (July 2003), LILACS (July 2003), EMBASE (July 2003), POPLINE (July 2003) and bibliographies of relevant papers.
Selection Criteria:
Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials with reported data that assess clinical outcomes in women at high risk of spontaneous preterm birth who were prescribed bed rest in hospital or at home for preventing preterm birth, and their babies.
Data Collection And Analysis:
Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility, trial quality and extracted data.
Main Results:
One study met the inclusion criteria (1266 women). This trial has uncertain methodological quality due to lack of reporting. Four hundred and thirty-two women were prescribed bed rest at home and a total of 834 women received a placebo (412) or no intervention (422). Preterm birth before 37 weeks was similar in both groups (7.9% in the intervention group versus 8.5% in the control group), and the relative risk was 0.92 with a 95% confidence interval from 0.62 to 1.37. No other results were available.
Reviewer'S Conclusions:
There is no evidence, either supporting or refuting the use of bed rest at home or in hospital, to prevent preterm birth. Although bed rest in hospital or at home is widely used as the first step of treatment, there is no evidence that this practice could be beneficial. Due to the potential adverse effects that bed rest could have on women and their families, and the increased costs for the healthcare system, clinicians should not routinely advise women to rest in bed to prevent preterm birth. Potential benefits and harms should be discussed with women facing an increased risk of preterm birth. Appropriate research is mandatory. Future trials should evaluate both the effectiveness of bed rest, and the effectiveness of the prescription of bed rest, to prevent preterm birth.
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