Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 14, 2026

Patient-derived Orthotopic Xenograft Models for Human Urothelial Cell Carcinoma and Colorectal Cancer Tumor Growth and Spontaneous Metastasis
Published on: May 12, 2019
[Transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract- staging by computed tomography]
D Negru1, Irina Negru, C Pricop
1Disciplina Radiologie-Imagistică Medicală, Facultatea de Medicină, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie Gr.T. Popa Iaşi.
Purpose:
To determine the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in staging transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and calyces and to identify whether hydronephrosis proximal to the tumor used as a criterion for minimal invasion may improve the overall accuracy of the method.
Materials And Methods:
24 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract underwent preoperative CT. In all cases nephroureterectomy was performed and CT and pathologic staging were compared.
Results:
Pathologic staging revealed two stage I tumors, eight stage II tumors, five stage III tumors, and 9 stage IV tumors. The initial overall CT staging accuracy was 66.66% (16 of 24 patients). Reevaluation of the CT studies by using proximal hydronephrosis as a criterion for minimal invasion improved the overall CT staging accuracy (83.33%).
Conclusions:
When CT demonstrates direct tumor extension through the pelvic wall, it is a sensitive indicator of high-stage tumor. Hydronephrosis proximal to the tumor may cause overstaging of stage 0-II disease.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Computed Tomography
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography
Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

