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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata02:04

Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata

During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.
Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
The Calvin Benson Cycle01:46

The Calvin Benson Cycle

Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis01:34

The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis

The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
Tonicity in Plants01:20

Tonicity in Plants

Plant cells maintain appropriate osmotic balance in extreme conditions. For instance, plants in dry environments store water in vacuoles, limit the opening of their stoma, and have thick, waxy cuticles to prevent unnecessary water loss. Some species of plants that live in salty environments store salt in their roots. As a result, water osmosis occurs in the root from the surrounding soil.
Tonicity
Tonicity describes the capacity of a cell to lose or gain water depending on the solute...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Monitoring Plant Hormones During Stress Responses
11:01

Monitoring Plant Hormones During Stress Responses

Published on: June 15, 2009

Quantifying plant response to ozone: a unifying theory.

P B Reich1

  • 1Department of Forestry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

Tree Physiology
|March 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

Ozone pollution impacts plant growth and carbon balance. Agricultural crops are most sensitive to ozone dose, while trees show similar photosynthetic declines based on ozone uptake.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Plant Physiology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Ozone is a significant air pollutant affecting plant health and ecosystem function.
  • Understanding plant responses to ozone is crucial for predicting agricultural yields and forest sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize existing data into a conceptual model of plant responses to ambient ozone.
  • To compare the sensitivity of evergreen conifers, deciduous hardwoods, and agricultural crops to ozone pollution.

Main Methods:

  • Literature synthesis and conceptual modeling.
  • Quantification of ozone effects based on concentration, external dose, and uptake.
  • Analysis of species-specific differences in ozone sensitivity and uptake.

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Pattern-Triggered Oxidative Burst and Seedling Growth Inhibition Assays in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Pattern-Triggered Oxidative Burst and Seedling Growth Inhibition Assays in Arabidopsis thaliana

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High-Throughput Analysis of Non-Photochemical Quenching in Crops Using Pulse Amplitude Modulated Chlorophyll Fluorometry
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High-Throughput Analysis of Non-Photochemical Quenching in Crops Using Pulse Amplitude Modulated Chlorophyll Fluorometry

Published on: July 6, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Monitoring Plant Hormones During Stress Responses
11:01

Monitoring Plant Hormones During Stress Responses

Published on: June 15, 2009

Pattern-Triggered Oxidative Burst and Seedling Growth Inhibition Assays in Arabidopsis thaliana
04:11

Pattern-Triggered Oxidative Burst and Seedling Growth Inhibition Assays in Arabidopsis thaliana

Published on: May 21, 2019

High-Throughput Analysis of Non-Photochemical Quenching in Crops Using Pulse Amplitude Modulated Chlorophyll Fluorometry
10:08

High-Throughput Analysis of Non-Photochemical Quenching in Crops Using Pulse Amplitude Modulated Chlorophyll Fluorometry

Published on: July 6, 2022

Main Results:

  • Agricultural crops are most sensitive to ozone dose over a growing season; conifers are least sensitive.
  • All plant types show similar declines in photosynthesis and growth with equivalent total ozone uptake.
  • Leaf diffusive conductance is a key factor predicting species-specific ozone uptake and response.

Conclusions:

  • Plant sensitivity to ozone varies with exposure metrics (dose vs. uptake).
  • Ozone uptake, influenced by leaf diffusive conductance, is a critical determinant of plant response across species.
  • The conceptual model aids in predicting ecosystem-level impacts of ozone pollution.