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Changes in pinch force with bidirectional load forces.

L A Jones1, I W Hunter

  • 1School of Physical and Occupational Therapy and Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3564 Drummond Street, Montreal, Quebec H3G IY5, Canada.

Journal of Motor Behavior
|June 1, 1992
PubMed
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Grasping forces change based on whether an object pushes or pulls the hand. Skin friction also varies with force direction, affecting grip strength and object slippage.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Factors Engineering
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Understanding how the hand grasps objects is crucial for designing effective assistive devices and understanding motor control.
  • Previous research has focused on static grip forces, but the dynamic interplay between load force direction and friction is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how varying load force directions (push vs. pull) and surface friction affect grip forces and object slippage.
  • To determine if skin's frictional properties are anisotropic (direction-dependent).

Main Methods:

  • Participants applied pinch grips to a manipulandum with varying surface textures (sandpaper, suede, plastic).
  • Load forces (positive/push and negative/pull) were applied via a computer-controlled linear motor.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Pinch forces and the motor force at which slippage occurred were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • Pinch forces increased linearly with motor force, with the relationship dependent on surface friction.
    • Grip forces were higher when resisting a pulling (negative) load force compared to a pushing (positive) load force.
    • Slippage occurred at lower pinch forces for surfaces with lower coefficients of friction.

    Conclusions:

    • The friction between skin and an object changes with the direction of applied force, suggesting anisotropic skin properties.
    • These direction-dependent frictional changes play a role in modulating pinch force and grip stability.