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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice

A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice

Published on: April 13, 2010

Intestinal permeability is increased in bronchial asthma.

Z Hijazi¹, A M Molla, H Al-Habashi

¹Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait. zeinat@hsc.kuniv.edu.kw

Archives of Disease in Childhood

|February 24, 2004

Summary

Children with asthma show increased intestinal permeability, indicating potential effects on the entire mucosal system. This finding suggests a link between gut health and childhood asthma.

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice

A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice

Published on: April 13, 2010

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma

Published on: May 14, 2012

An Intravital Microscopy-Based Approach to Assess Intestinal Permeability and Epithelial Cell Shedding Performance

An Intravital Microscopy-Based Approach to Assess Intestinal Permeability and Epithelial Cell Shedding Performance

Published on: December 3, 2020

Area of Science:

Pediatric Gastroenterology
Pulmonology
Immunology

Background:

Previous research indicated increased intestinal permeability in adult asthmatics.
The role of gut barrier function in pediatric asthma remains under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether children diagnosed with asthma exhibit altered intestinal permeability.
To assess the relationship between gut barrier function and asthma in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

A cohort of 32 asthmatic children and 32 healthy controls underwent intestinal permeability assessment using the dual sugar (lactulose and mannitol) test.
Urinary lactulose and mannitol levels, along with the lactulose:mannitol ratio, were quantified.
All participants were evaluated for allergies through skin prick testing and specific IgE measurements.

Main Results:

Asthmatic children demonstrated significantly higher median urinary lactulose levels and a higher lactulose:mannitol ratio compared to controls.
Urinary mannitol levels were comparable between asthmatic children and controls.
No significant correlation was found between intestinal permeability and factors like eczema, inhaled corticosteroid use, positive aeroallergen skin tests, or asthma severity.

Conclusions:

Children with asthma exhibit increased intestinal permeability.
These findings suggest that the gastrointestinal mucosal system may be implicated in the pathophysiology of childhood asthma.