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Updated: Aug 26, 2026

Identification of Nucleolar Factors During HIV-1 Replication Through Rev Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry
Published on: June 26, 2019
Nucleolin and the packaging signal, psi, promote the budding of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)
Tomonori Ueno1, Kenzo Tokunaga, Hirofumi Sawa
1Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract:
Gag proteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) play a pivotal role in the budding of the virion, in which the zinc finger motifs of the gag proteins recognize the packaging signal of genomic RNA. Nucleolin, an RNA-binding protein, is identified as a cellular protein that binds to murine leukemia virus (MuLV) gag proteins and regulates the viral budding, suggesting that HIV-1 gag proteins, the packaging signal, psi and nucleolin affect the budding of HIV-1. Here we report that nucleolin enhances the release of HIV-1 virions which contain psi. Furthermore, nucleolin and gag proteins form a complex incorporated into virions, and nucleolin promotes the infectivity of HIV-1. Our results suggest that an empty particle which contains neither nucleolin nor the genomic RNA is eliminated during the budding process, and this mechanism is beneficial for escape from the host immune response against HIV-1.
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