Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Standard Precaution

Standard Precaution

Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...

Controls in Experiments

Controls in Experiments

When conducting an experiment, it is crucial to have control to reduce bias and accurately measure the dependent variables. It also marks the results more reliable. Controls are elements in an experiment that have the same characteristics as the treatment groups but are not affected by the independent variable. By sorting these data into control and experimental conditions, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables can be drawn. A randomized experiment always includes a...

Ethical Issues

Ethical Issues

Nurses are essential in patient care, upholding the ethical principles of their profession and effectively navigating ethical dilemmas. Neglecting ethical issues can lead to inadequate patient care, compromised therapeutic relationships, and moral distress among healthcare workers.
Ethical Concerns in Healthcare:

Ethical Dilemmas II

Ethical Dilemmas II

Resolving an ethical dilemma in healthcare involves a systematic approach that considers every aspect of the issue, respecting both the patient's needs and values and the healthcare professional's ethical obligations. Here are potential steps to resolve an ethical dilemma:

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...

Psychosurgery

Psychosurgery

Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The risks of birth defects and childhood cancer with conception by assisted reproductive technology.

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2022

Same author

Sixth grade academic achievement among children conceived with IVF: a population-based study in Texas, USA.

Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics·2021

Same author

Risks of nonchromosomal birth defects, small-for-gestational age birthweight, and prematurity with in vitro fertilization: effect of number of embryos transferred and plurality at conception versus at birth.

Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics·2021

Same author

The risk of birth defects with conception by ART.

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2020

Same author

Assessment of Birth Defects and Cancer Risk in Children Conceived via In Vitro Fertilization in the US.

JAMA network open·2020

Same author

Third grade academic achievement among children conceived with the use of in vitro fertilization: a population-based study in Texas.

Fertility and sterility·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Published on: November 21, 2017

Control groups appropriate for surgical interventions: ethical and practical issues.

Morton B Brown¹

¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2029, USA. mbb@umich.edu

Gastroenterology

|February 24, 2004

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Surgical trials require flexible designs due to invasiveness, surgeon variability, and ethical challenges with sham procedures. Advanced statistical methods and separating treatment providers from evaluators help minimize bias in surgical research.

Keywords:

Biomedical and Behavioral Research

More Related Videos

A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement

A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement

Published on: May 11, 2020

A Modified Murine Heterotopic Heart Transplant Protocol Matching Contemporary Standards of Aseptic Technique, Anesthesia, and Analgesia

A Modified Murine Heterotopic Heart Transplant Protocol Matching Contemporary Standards of Aseptic Technique, Anesthesia, and Analgesia

Published on: September 28, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Published on: November 21, 2017

A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement

A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement

Published on: May 11, 2020

A Modified Murine Heterotopic Heart Transplant Protocol Matching Contemporary Standards of Aseptic Technique, Anesthesia, and Analgesia

A Modified Murine Heterotopic Heart Transplant Protocol Matching Contemporary Standards of Aseptic Technique, Anesthesia, and Analgesia

Published on: September 28, 2022

Area of Science:

Clinical Trials
Surgical Research
Medical Ethics

Background:

Surgical trials present unique challenges compared to pharmaceutical trials, including invasiveness and inherent risks.
The variability in surgical procedures and surgeon skill levels can significantly impact trial outcomes.
Ethical considerations, particularly regarding sham surgeries, complicate trial design and validation.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the critical differences between surgical and pharmaceutical clinical trials.
To emphasize the need for adaptable and robust methodologies in surgical research.
To discuss strategies for mitigating bias in the context of surgical experimentation.

Main Methods:

Acknowledging the limitations of standard trial designs for surgical interventions.
Proposing the use of sophisticated statistical designs to accommodate procedural variability.
Recommending the separation of treatment providers (surgeons) from outcome evaluators to reduce bias.

Main Results:

Surgical procedures are inherently less standardized than pharmaceutical interventions.
Surgeon experience and skill are significant confounding factors in surgical trial success.
Ethical dilemmas arise with placebo controls, yet they can reveal the inefficacy of established surgical methods.

Conclusions:

Surgical trial design necessitates greater flexibility than pharmaceutical trials.
Advanced statistical approaches and blinding strategies are crucial for unbiased surgical research.
Separating surgical providers from outcome assessors is a key method for enhancing trial integrity.