Functional characterization of active transport of progesterone to adrenal cells

The characterization of the transport mechanism of progesterone, which is one of the neutral steroids in the adrenal cells, has been studied by the examination of progesterone uptake into the monolayers of SW-13 cells (a human adrenal adenocarcinoma cell line). The uptake of [(3)H]progesterone at a tracer concentration (1 nM) exhibited temperature, pH and sodium dependency. According to kinetic analysis of the concentration dependence, the uptake of progesterone involves saturable and non-saturable processes. The uptake for the saturable process, which gave K(t) values (half-saturation concentration) of 4.7 +/- 8.7 microM, was inhibited by metabolic inhibitors and amino-acid modifiers but not by endocytosis inhibitors or substrates for known transporters. The uptake of progesterone was also inhibited by several neutral steroids but not by anionic steroids. The inhibition by both beta-estradiol and estriol was competitive. The uptake of progesterone by the adrenal cells might be at least partially accounted for by a specific carrier-mediated transport mechanism generated by sodium ions and an electrochemical mechanism.