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The Vibrio cholerae chitin utilization program.

Karin L Meibom1, Xibing B Li, Alex T Nielsen

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 26, 2004
PubMed
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Vibrio cholerae efficiently utilizes chitin through a multistage gene expression program. This involves specific pathways for chitin oligosaccharides, N-acetylglucosamine, and glucosamine, enhancing microbial growth and nutrient acquisition.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Chitin is a major biopolymer in marine environments, serving as a nutrient source for microorganisms.
  • Vibrio cholerae possesses the metabolic machinery to degrade and utilize chitin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the global gene expression program of Vibrio cholerae in response to chitin and its derivatives.
  • To identify specific regulatory pathways and cellular components involved in chitin utilization.

Main Methods:

  • Microarray expression profiling of Vibrio cholerae.
  • Mutational studies of key regulatory genes.
  • Growth assays on chitin surfaces and with soluble chitin oligosaccharides.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Identified three distinct sets of differentially regulated genes in response to chitin oligosaccharides, GlcNAc, and glucosamine dimer.
  • ChiS sensor histidine kinase regulates chitin oligosaccharide catabolism and chitin-regulated pilus (ChiRP) expression, enhancing growth on chitin.
  • GlcNAc induces genes for chemotaxis, adherence, transport, and assimilation.
  • (GlcN)2 induces genes for nonacetylated chitin residue utilization.
  • Constitutive MSHA pilus expression aids chitin surface adhesion.

Conclusions:

  • Vibrio cholerae employs a complex, multistage regulatory program for efficient chitin utilization.
  • Specific gene sets are activated depending on the form of chitin or its breakdown products encountered.
  • The ChiRP pilus provides a significant growth advantage on chitin surfaces.