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[Chromium and insulin resistance].

N Kleefstra1, H J Bilo, S J Bakker

  • 1Isala Klinieken, locatie Weezenlanden, afd. Interne Geneeskunde, Postbus 10.500, 8000 GM Zwolle, kleefstra@langerhans.com

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|February 27, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Chromium is essential for glucose metabolism and may help with weight loss. While generally safe, chromium supplements may increase hypoglycemia risk in type-2 diabetes patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Chromium's essential role in glucose metabolism has been recognized since the 1950s.
  • Dietary chromium deficiency may contribute to insulin resistance, though diagnostic standards are lacking.
  • Chromium supplements are increasingly used despite mixed evidence on their efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of chromium supplementation on glycaemic control and body weight.
  • To assess the safety profile of chromium supplementation, particularly chromium picolinate.
  • To highlight potential risks associated with self-medication with chromium in diabetic populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of systematic reviews on chromium's effects on glycaemic regulation and body weight.
  • Analysis of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial involving Chinese individuals with type-2 diabetes mellitus.
  • Examination of safety data and potential toxic effects of chromium, including chromium picolinate.

Main Results:

  • Systematic reviews showed a modest average weight reduction of 1 kg but inconsistent effects on glycaemic regulation, possibly due to low dosages.
  • A specific trial demonstrated a 2% decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels with 1000 micrograms of chromium in type-2 diabetes patients.
  • Toxic effects are rare, but safety concerns regarding chromium picolinate have emerged.

Conclusions:

  • Chromium supplementation may offer a slight benefit in weight reduction and potentially improve glycemic control in specific populations, such as type-2 diabetes patients.
  • Patients with type-2 diabetes using chromium supplements require careful monitoring due to an increased risk of hypoglycemia.
  • Further research is needed to establish optimal dosages and clarify the long-term safety of chromium supplementation, especially concerning specific forms like chromium picolinate.

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