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Serum prolactin in celiac disease.

Gaurav Kapur1, A K Patwari, Shashi Narayan

  • 1Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India.

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Serum prolactin levels are elevated in children with celiac disease (CD) and correlate with disease activity. Prolactin measurement may serve as an economical marker for celiac disease activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion.
  • Elevated serum prolactin levels have been observed in various autoimmune conditions.
  • The relationship between celiac disease activity and serum prolactin levels requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate serum prolactin levels in children with celiac disease on different gluten intakes.
  • To assess the correlation between serum prolactin levels and celiac disease activity markers.
  • To evaluate the potential of serum prolactin as an economical marker for celiac disease activity.

Main Methods:

  • Serum prolactin levels (SPL) were measured in 41 children with CD (20 on unrestricted gluten diet, 21 on gluten-free diet) and 41 controls.
  • Celiac disease diagnosis was confirmed by ESPGAN criteria and endoscopic biopsies.
  • Hyperprolactinemia was defined as SPL > 18 ng/ml (males) or > 24 ng/ml (females).

Main Results:

  • All children with CD on an unrestricted gluten diet exhibited hyperprolactinemia.
  • Serum prolactin levels were significantly higher in both CD groups compared to controls (p < 0.001).
  • SPL positively correlated with symptom duration and age of diagnosis in the unrestricted gluten group, and with villous atrophy and inflammation in the gluten-free group.

Conclusions:

  • Serum prolactin levels are significantly elevated in children with active celiac disease.
  • Serum prolactin levels correlate with celiac disease activity, suggesting its utility as a marker.
  • Serum prolactin estimation offers a potentially economical method for monitoring celiac disease activity.