Related Experiment Videos

Effects of droperidol dosage on postoperative emetic symptoms following pediatric strabismus surgery

Stanley W Stead1, Christopher D Beatie, Mary A Keyes

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Journal of Clinical Anesthesia
|February 27, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Droperidol effectively reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting in pediatric strabismus surgery patients. The 80 microg.kg(-1) dose is most effective, without delaying discharge times.

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common complications in pediatric strabismus surgery.
  • Effective antiemetic prophylaxis is crucial for optimizing patient recovery and discharge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of four different doses of droperidol in preventing postoperative emetic symptoms.
  • To assess the safety and side effects associated with varying droperidol dosages in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, blinded study was conducted with 82 pediatric patients (1-16 years) undergoing outpatient strabismus surgery.
  • Patients received intravenous droperidol at doses of 10, 20, 40, or 80 microg.kg(-1) immediately after anesthesia induction.
  • Emetic symptoms and side effects were monitored postoperatively, with a focus on predischarge and peak symptom occurrences.

Main Results:

  • A dose-dependent reduction in emetic symptoms was observed with increasing droperidol dosage.
  • The 80 microg.kg(-1) dose showed the lowest incidence of predischarge (5%) and peak (15%) emetic symptoms.
  • No significant increase in recovery or hospitalization times was noted with higher droperidol doses; sedation and extrapyramidal symptoms were absent.
  • Emetic symptoms, however, significantly delayed discharge time by approximately 76 minutes.

Conclusions:

  • Prophylactic administration of droperidol at 80 microg.kg(-1) is the most effective dose for reducing postoperative emetic symptoms in pediatric strabismus surgery.
  • This optimal dose does not prolong patient discharge time.
  • Prompt management of emetic symptoms is essential to prevent significant delays in patient discharge.
Abstract

Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:28

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...
Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...