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Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section
Published on: July 19, 2016
Two-vector mechanics
G Fiorelli1, B Melsen, C Modica
1University of Siena, Department of Orthodontics, Policlinico "Le Scotte", Siena, Italy. gfiorelli@libra-ortho.it
Abstract:
The conventional orthodontic appliance is not without its limitations for certain types of tooth movements; in particular, if the appliance cannot access the area to elicit the type of force vector for a particular displacement. Examples of such movements are: space closure by translation, uprighting and intrusion of posterior teeth, intrusion with retraction and lingual root torque of anterior teeth. In this paper we describe a mathematical method to design an appliance system that overcomes these difficulties. This system includes two statically determined elements and allows for highly controlled force vector application point and direction. A clinical case of midline discrepancy is shown to demonstrate the clinical use and utility of this method.
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