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Primary standardisation of 204Tl using the efficiency tracing method.

L C Johansson1, A V Harms, J D Keightley

  • 1National Physical Laboratory, Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK. lena.johansson@npl.co.uk

Applied Radiation and Isotopes : Including Data, Instrumentation and Methods for Use in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine
|February 28, 2004
PubMed
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Standardizing the radionuclide Thallium-204 (204Tl) presents challenges due to complex chemistry and measurement discrepancies. This study achieved accurate 204Tl standardization using 4πβ-γ coincidence counting and liquid scintillation counting, resolving previous issues.

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Metrology
  • Radiochemistry

Background:

  • Thallium-204 (204Tl) is an electron-capture and beta-emitting radionuclide known for standardization discrepancies.
  • Complex thallium chemistry complicates source preparation, leading to significant measurement variations.
  • Previous international comparisons revealed up to 10% discrepancies between solid source and liquid scintillation methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform a primary standardization of a 204Tl solution.
  • To compare results from 4πβ-γ coincidence counting and liquid scintillation counting.
  • To investigate and resolve discrepancies in 204Tl standardization.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 4πβ-γ coincidence counting with tracer techniques (134Cs, 60Co) for 204Tl standardization.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Employed liquid scintillation counting for comparative measurements.
  • Applied three extrapolation methods to achieve 100% beta-efficiency: foiling, carrier addition, and varying initial source mass.

    • Main Results:

    • Tracing with 60Co and external foiling yielded results consistent with liquid scintillation counting.
    • Different extrapolation methods showed varying degrees of agreement.
    • The study successfully resolved previously observed discrepancies in 204Tl measurements.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate primary standardization of 204Tl is achievable using combined techniques.
    • The choice of tracer and extrapolation method significantly impacts measurement accuracy.
    • This work provides a reliable method for 204Tl standardization, crucial for metrology and nuclear applications.