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Anger expression and essential hypertension: behavioral response to confrontation.

Kevin T Larkin1, Claudia Zayfert

  • 1Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, PO Box 6040, Morgantown, WV 26506-6040, USA. klarkin@mail.wvu.edu

Journal of Psychosomatic Research
|February 28, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Essential hypertension (high blood pressure) is linked to social skill deficits, particularly in expressing anger assertively. Hypertensive patients displayed less eye contact and assertiveness during confrontational scenarios compared to controls.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cardiology
  • Behavioral Medicine

Background:

  • Essential hypertension is a prevalent cardiovascular condition.
  • Social competencies and anger expression patterns are increasingly recognized as relevant factors in health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spectrum of anger-expressive behaviors in patients with essential hypertension.
  • To assess social competencies in essential hypertensive patients.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study involving 26 hypertensive and 15 normotensive individuals.
  • Assessment of behavioral reactions during neutral and anger-evoking role-play scenarios.
  • Utilized self-report measures for anger expression and social competence, alongside observed behavioral measures during role-play.

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Main Results:

  • Hypertensive patients demonstrated reduced eye contact and fewer assertive statements during confrontational role-play compared to normotensive controls.
  • Individuals with hypertension were rated as less assertive in challenging social interactions.
  • Hypertensive patients exhibited greater pulse pressure reactivity to confrontation, especially those expressing anger overtly.

Conclusions:

  • Essential hypertension is associated with identifiable deficits in social skills.
  • These social skill deficits become apparent specifically during the assertive expression of anger.