Branchial membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase activity maintains CO2 excretion in severely anemic dogfish

Plasma CO(2) reactions in Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) have access to plasma and gill membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase (CA). Acute severe experimental anemia and selective CA inhibitors were used to investigate the role of extracellular CA in CO(2) excretion. Anemia was induced by blood withdrawal coupled to volume replacement with saline. Lowering hematocrit from 14.2 +/- 0.4% (mean +/- SE; N = 31) to 5.2 +/- 0.1% (N = 31) had no significant impact on arterial or venous CO(2) tensions (Pa(CO(2)) and Pv(CO(2)), respectively) over the subsequent 2 h. PCO(2) was maintained despite the reduction in red cell number and a significant 32% increase in cardiac output (V(b)), both of which have been found to cause Pa(CO(2)) increases in teleost fish. By contrast, treatment of anemic dogfish with the CA inhibitors benzolamide (1.3 mg/kg) or F3500 (50 mg/kg), to selectively inhibit extracellular CA, elicited rapid and significant increases in Pa(CO(2)) of 0.68 +/- 0.17 Torr (N = 6) and 0.53 +/- 0.11 Torr (N = 7), respectively, by 30 min after treatment. These findings provide a functional context in which extracellular CA in dogfish contributes substantially to CO(2) excretion. Additionally, the apparent lack of effect of V(b) changes on PCO(2) suggests that, in contrast to teleost fish, CO(2) excretion in dogfish does not behave as a diffusion-limited system.