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Smoking rain clouds over the Amazon.

M O Andreae1, D Rosenfeld, P Artaxo

  • 1Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Post Office Box 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. andreae@mpch-mainz.mpg.de

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 28, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Amazon forest fire smoke delays precipitation, leading to stronger storms and altered atmospheric circulation. This impacts the water cycle and climate by transporting pollution to higher altitudes.

Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Cloud Physics
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Forest fires, particularly in the Amazon, release significant amounts of smoke into the atmosphere.
  • Atmospheric aerosols from smoke can influence cloud formation and precipitation processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of heavy smoke from Amazon forest fires on cloud properties and precipitation onset.
  • To understand how smoke influences cloud dynamics, including updraft invigoration and pollutant transport.

Main Methods:

  • Observational analysis of cloud droplet size and precipitation development in relation to smoke concentrations.
  • Tracking of water and smoke transport to upper atmospheric levels.
  • Assessment of the effects of elevated precipitation onset on storm intensity and cloud top dynamics.

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Main Results:

  • Heavy smoke reduced cloud droplet size, delaying precipitation onset significantly in polluted and pyro-clouds compared to pristine clouds.
  • Suppression of low-level rainout and washout facilitated the upward transport of water and smoke.
  • Delayed precipitation onset led to invigorated updrafts, resulting in intense thunderstorms and increased likelihood of cloud overshoot into the stratosphere.

Conclusions:

  • Amazon smoke profoundly affects cloud microphysics and precipitation, leading to delayed rainout and enhanced storm intensity.
  • Pollutants and water vapor transported to the stratosphere have significant radiative impacts, influencing the climate system.
  • These processes alter atmospheric circulation patterns and the global water cycle, increasing the atmosphere's pollution burden.