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IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones01:29

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones

Infrared spectroscopy, also known as vibrational spectroscopy, is mainly used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups in molecules. In aldehydes and ketones, the carbonyl (C=O) bond shows an absorption around 1710 cm-1. The C=O bond vibration of an aldehyde occurs at lower frequencies than that of a ketone. In addition to the C=O absorption in an aldehyde, the aldehydic C–H bond also gives two peaks in the 2700–2800 cm-1 range. This absorption, coupled with the C=O stretching, is...
Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:26

Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups. In carboxylic acid derivatives, a typical carbonyl bond absorption is observed around 1650–1850 cm−1. For esters, the absorption is recorded at around 1740 cm−1, while acid halides show the absorption at about 1800 cm−1. Another acid derivative, the acid anhydrides, exhibit two carbonyl absorption around 1760 cm−1 and 1820 cm−1, arising from the symmetrical and unsymmetrical carbonyl vibration.
In the...
NMR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry of Aldehydes and Ketones01:15

NMR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry of Aldehydes and Ketones

In aldehydes, the hydrogen atom connected to the carbonyl carbon helps distinguish aldehydes from other carbonyl compounds using ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The closeness of aldehydic hydrogen to the electrophilic carbonyl carbon highly deshields the hydrogen atom causing its signal to appear around 10 ppm in the ¹H NMR spectra. α hydrogens split the aldehydic proton signal, which helps identify the number of α hydrogens in the molecule. For instance, one α hydrogen creates a doublet for an aldehydic...
IR Frequency Region: Alkene and Carbonyl Stretching01:29

IR Frequency Region: Alkene and Carbonyl Stretching

Double bonds in alkenes and carbonyl compounds exhibit stretching frequencies in the diagnostic region of the IR spectrum. In addition, alkenes exhibit vinylic C–H stretching and C–H out-of-plane bending absorptions that are useful for identifying substitution patterns.
Stretching frequencies are affected by several factors, such as resonance, inductive effects, ring strain, dipole moment, and hydrogen bonding. Consequently, the stretching frequency of the carbonyl double bond varies in...
Mass Spectrometry: Branched Alkane Fragmentation01:29

Mass Spectrometry: Branched Alkane Fragmentation

This lesson delves into the mass spectrometry of branched alkane fragmentation. Branched alkanes possess secondary or tertiary carbon atoms, which generate relatively stable carbocations if the cleavage occurs at the branching point. The high stability of carbocations drives the instant fragmentation of branched alkanes. Accordingly, the branched alkane's molecular ion peak is very weak or invisible in the mass spectra, especially in comparison to a linear alkane.
Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
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Raman and IR Spectroelectrochemical Methods as Tools to Analyze Conjugated Organic Compounds
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Published on: October 12, 2018

Structural analysis of biological aliphatic compounds using surface-enhanced Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy.

Takeshi Hasegawa1

  • 1Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1- Izumi-cho, Narashino, Chiba 275-8575, Japan. t5hasega@cit.nihon-u.ac.jp

Biopolymers
|March 3, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) reveals the chemical structure of biological lipids by analyzing accordion vibrations. This technique, combined with mass spectrometry, accurately determines segment lengths and identifies kinks in long hydrocarbon chains.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Biological aliphatic compounds feature complex folded, long aliphatic chains.
  • Understanding the precise chemical structure of these lipids is crucial for biological studies.
  • Existing methods may have limitations in detailed structural analysis of long hydrocarbon chains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To employ surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for detailed chemical structure elucidation of biological aliphatic compounds.
  • To measure accordion-vibration modes for structural analysis of long, folded aliphatic chains.
  • To validate SERS findings against mass spectrometry data for enhanced accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Fourier transform Raman spectrometry with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).
  • Measuring accordion-vibration modes within ordered, long aliphatic chains.
  • Performing comparative analysis with mass spectrometry data.

Main Results:

  • SERS spectra, after background subtraction, provided segment lengths highly consistent with mass spectrometry results.
  • The agreement between SERS and mass spectrometry suggests the precise locations of kinks in the hydrocarbon chains.
  • Accordion-vibration analysis effectively reveals structural details of folded, long aliphatic chains.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of SERS and mass spectrometry offers a powerful approach for structural analysis of biological lipids.
  • SERS is a viable technique for determining segment lengths and identifying structural features like kinks in long aliphatic chains.
  • This integrated methodology enhances the discussion and understanding of complex biological lipid structures.