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Related Experiment Videos

Pathogenesis in menstrual cycle-linked CNS disorders.

Torbjörn Bäckström1, Agneta Andersson, Lotta Andreé

  • 1Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Norrlands University Hospital, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden. Torbjorn.Backstrom@Obgyn.umu.se

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|March 3, 2004
PubMed
Summary

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Endogenous GABA steroids, at low concentrations, can cause adverse emotional reactions and mood disorders like PMDD. Tolerance and withdrawal effects also contribute to conditions linked to the menstrual cycle and stress.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha/beta-pregnane steroids (GABA steroids) are known modulators of the GABA-A receptor.
  • GABA-A receptor-positive modulators exhibit bimodal effects, acting as CNS depressants at high concentrations and potentially inducing adverse emotional reactions at low, endogenous concentrations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain menstrual cycle-linked disorders using the direct action, tolerance induction, and withdrawal effects of endogenous GABA steroids.
  • To explore the link between GABA steroid action and conditions such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and stress-related symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of animal and human studies on GABA steroid effects.
  • Analysis of mechanisms including direct action, tolerance, and withdrawal.

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Main Results:

  • Low endogenous GABA steroid concentrations can cause sedation, memory issues, mood disturbances, and PMDD.
  • Continuous exposure leads to tolerance, reducing sensitivity to GABA-A modulators, as seen in PMDD patients.
  • GABA steroid withdrawal can trigger symptoms like "catamenial epilepsy" and stress-related issues.

Conclusions:

  • Menstrual cycle disorders and stress sensitivity can be attributed to the complex actions of endogenous GABA steroids.
  • Understanding these mechanisms offers insight into conditions like PMDD and stress-related mood disturbances.