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Related Experiment Videos

Quantum version of free-energy--irreversible-work relations.

Wojciech De Roeck1, Christian Maes

  • 1Instituut voor Theoretische Fysica, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|March 5, 2004
PubMed
Summary

We present a quantum Jarzynski relation linking work distribution to free energy differences. This quantum framework unifies various physical regimes, highlighting the role of heat and time-reversal in its universal validity.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum thermodynamics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • The Jarzynski relation connects non-equilibrium work to equilibrium free energy differences.
  • Understanding quantum work distribution is crucial for quantum thermodynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a quantum mechanical version of the Jarzynski relation.
  • To unify different physical regimes under a single theoretical framework.

Main Methods:

  • Defining quantum work based on system history.
  • Establishing appropriate quantum ensembles for averaging.
  • Analyzing various quantum and classical regimes.

Main Results:

  • A quantum Jarzynski relation is derived.
  • Work is identified as dependent on the quantum history of the system.

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  • A unified approach to different physical regimes is presented.

    • Conclusions:

    • The quantum Jarzynski relation provides a universal link between work and free energy.
    • The validity of the Jarzynski relation, in both quantum and classical systems, relies on the interplay of heat and time-reversal.