Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2026

The Synthesis of RGD-functionalized Hydrogels as a Tool for Therapeutic Applications
09:30

The Synthesis of RGD-functionalized Hydrogels as a Tool for Therapeutic Applications

Published on: October 7, 2016

Synthesis and in vitro characterization of a poly(acrylic acid)-homocysteine conjugate

Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch1, Verena Leitner, Verena Moser

  • 1Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. andreas.bernkop@uibk.ac.at

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy
|March 6, 2004
PubMed

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry09:14

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

Published on: July 20, 2016

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes13:53

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes

Published on: December 19, 2020

Related Concept Videos

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis01:14

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

Malonic ester synthesis is a method to obtain α substituted carboxylic acids from ꞵ-diesters such as diethyl malonate and alkyl halides.
Phase II Reactions: Sulfation and Conjugation with α-Amino Acids01:19

Phase II Reactions: Sulfation and Conjugation with α-Amino Acids

Sulfation and α-amino acid conjugation are two critical biotransformation reactions in drug metabolism. Sulfation, a phase II biotransformation reaction, involves adding a polar sulfate group to a drug, enhancing its water solubility and promoting excretion. This process can either co-occur with or occur independently of glucuronidation. Nonmicrosomal sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the process. The reaction involves 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate or PAPS coenzyme activation, sulfur...
Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis01:07

Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis

Acetoacetic ester synthesis is a method to obtain ketones from alkyl halides and β-keto esters. The reaction occurs in the presence of an alkoxide base that abstracts the acidic proton of the β-keto esters. The step results in an enolate ion which is doubly stabilized. The enolate then reacts with an alkyl halide via the SN2 process to produce an alkylated ester intermediate with a new C–C bond. The hydrolysis of the intermediate, followed by acidification, results in an alkylated β-keto acid.