125I plaque brachytherapy for anterior uveal melanomas

To describe the results of 125I plaque brachytherapy of uveal melanomas anterior to the equator in terms of local control and the associated complications while trying to identify their risk factors (patients' demographic data, ocular, and tumour characteristics).

Retrospective analysis of a series of patients treated by 125I between 1990 and 2000 in a single institution. The main outcome measures are evaluation of local tumour control and complications associated with 125I plaque brachytherapy of these melanomas.

During the study period, 136 patients were treated for an anterior tumour. The median follow-up was 62 months. The overall 5-year survival rate was 88.3%, the 5-year metastasis rate was 4% and the local recurrence rate was 1.5%. The mean final visual acuity was 20/40. The ocular complications most frequently observed at 5 years were cataract (50.3%), maculopathy (18.3%), intraocular inflammation (19.3%), and glaucoma (10.6%). Optic neuropathy, retinal detachment, keratitis, and intravitreous haemorrhage were also described. Risk factors for worse survival were age greater than 65 years and initial tumour thickness greater than 4 mm. Risk factors for the development of cataract were age more than 65 years old, male gender, and tumour diameter of more than 10 mm. Risk factors for intraocular inflammation were tumour thickness of more than 4 mm and invasion of the ciliary body.

The use of 125I plaque brachytherapy to treat melanomas situated anterior to the equator allows good local and systemic control with a low rate of macular and optic disc complications. The most frequent complication was cataract formation.