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Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions

A chemical reaction is a process by which the bonds in the atoms of substances are rearranged to generate new substances. Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction—the same type and number of atoms that make up the reactants are still present in the products. Merely, the rearrangement of chemical bonds produces new compounds.
Chemical Reactions Rearrange Atoms into New Substances
A chemical reaction takes starting materials—the reactants—and changes them into different...

Chemical Equations

Chemical Equations

Chemical equations represent the identities and relative quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction. The substances undergoing reaction are called reactants, and their formulas are placed on the left side of the equation. The substances generated by the reaction are called products, and their formulas are placed on the right side of the equation. Plus signs (+) separate individual reactant and product formulas, and an arrow (→) separates the reactant and product (left and right)...

Chemistry of the Cell

Chemistry of the Cell

The cell is chemically composed of water, organic molecules and inorganic ions.
Water
The polarity of the water molecule and its resulting hydrogen bonding makes water a unique substance with special properties that are intimately tied to the processes of life. Life originally evolved in an aqueous environment, and most of an organism’s cellular chemistry and metabolism occur inside the aqueous contents of the cell’s cytoplasm. Special properties of water are its high heat capacity and heat of...

Chemical Bonds

Chemical Bonds

Atoms participate in a chemical bond formation to acquire a completed valence-shell electron configuration similar to that of the noble gas nearest to it in atomic number. Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds are some of the important types of chemical bonds. Bond energy and bond length determine the strength of a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds
An ionic bond is formed due to electrostatic attraction between cations and anions. Often, the ions are formed by the transfer of electrons from...

Chemistry of the Cell

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The cell is chemically composed of water, organic molecules and inorganic ions.
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What is Physical Chemistry?

What is Physical Chemistry?

Physical chemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies the principles from physics underlying chemical reactions. It provides deep insights into the behaviors of molecules, the forces they experience, and their interactions and chemical reactions.The term "physical chemistry" was introduced by Mikhail Lomonosov in 1752. Since then, it has seen significant contributions from notable scientists such as Josiah Willard Gibbs, Wilhelm Ostwald, Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff, and Linus Pauling.Key...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Free Radicals in Chemical Biology: from Chemical Behavior to Biomarker Development

Free Radicals in Chemical Biology: from Chemical Behavior to Biomarker Development

Published on: April 15, 2013

Good chemistry.

Gregory A Petsko¹

¹Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA. petsko@brandeis.edu

|March 9, 2004

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Current chemistry education fails to address topics relevant to practicing chemists. A revised Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) could drive necessary curriculum reform in university chemistry departments.

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Area of Science:

Chemistry Education Research
Curriculum Development
Higher Education Pedagogy

Background:

Traditional chemistry curricula often lack alignment with contemporary chemical research and industry interests.
Existing teaching methods may not adequately prepare students for the evolving landscape of chemical sciences.

Purpose of the Study:

To advocate for a curriculum reform in undergraduate chemistry education.
To propose the development of a standardized assessment, such as the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT), that reflects current chemical issues.

Main Methods:

Analysis of current chemistry course content and its relevance to practicing chemists.
Conceptual framework for a revised MCAT aligned with modern chemical challenges.

Main Results:

Significant disconnect identified between academic chemistry content and real-world chemical problems.
A proposed MCAT structure that prioritizes contemporary chemical topics.

Conclusions:

Chemistry departments must adapt their teaching to incorporate relevant, modern chemical issues.
A revised MCAT can serve as a catalyst for essential changes in chemistry education, ensuring graduates are better prepared for the field.