A sequential study of visual evoked potential in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency neurological syndrome

Visual pathways are vulnerable to vitamin B(12) deficiency but there is paucity of studies evaluating visual evoked potential (VEP) changes following vitamin B(12) supplementation. Our aim was to evaluate the visual evoked potential changes in patients with vitamin B(12) deficiency neurological syndrome and their changes after vitamin B(12) therapy.

Seventeen patients with vitamin B(12) deficiency neurological syndromes diagnosed on the basis of megaloblastic bone marrow or low serum vitamin B(12) level or both were subjected to testing of visual acuity, field of vision, colour vision and neurological examination. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging was done in 9 patients and pattern reversal VEP was carried out on admission. P(100) latency and amplitude were measured. Visual function and VEP studies were repeated at 3 and 6 months after vitamin B(12) therapy.

The patients' age ranged between 17 and 69 years; 7 were females and 16 were lactovegetarians. The duration of symptoms ranged between 10 days and 10 years. Visual acuity, colour vision, field of vision and fundus oculi were normal. VEP revealed prolongation of P(100) latency in 10 patients (17 eyes) which was mild in 2, moderate in 10 and marked in 5 eyes. Six months after treatment, P(100) latency improved to normal in all except 4 eyes. VEP abnormality was related to duration of illness and antiparietal cell antibodies.

VEP is frequently prolonged in patients with vitamin B(12) deficiency neurological syndrome although asymptomatic. It usually returns to normal after treatment.