Related Experiment Videos

[Hematogenous osteomyelitis in adults]

W Strecker1, M Russ, M Schulte

  • 1II. Chirurgische Klinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Klinikum Bamberg. chirurgie2@klinikum.bamberg.de

Der Orthopade
|March 10, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Hematogenous osteomyelitis (HOM) is rare in developed nations but significant in tropical regions due to specific diseases. Diagnosis relies on bone examination, with antibiotics for acute cases and surgery for chronic or failed treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Orthopedics
  • Microbiology

Context:

  • Hematogenous osteomyelitis (HOM) is uncommon in industrialized countries.
  • HOM presents higher morbidity in tropical regions, linked to sickle cell disease, thalassemia, HIV, and tuberculosis.
  • Infections involve pyogenic bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites.

Purpose:

  • To review the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of adult hematogenous osteomyelitis.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and differential diagnoses for osteomyelitis.
  • To outline current treatment strategies for acute and chronic HOM.

Summary:

  • Histopathologic and microbiologic bone examination remain the gold standard for diagnosing osteomyelitis (OM), despite advanced imaging.
  • Differential diagnoses include nonbacterial osteomyelitic lesions and malignant bone tumors.
  • Acute HOM management involves antibiotics; chronic or refractory cases require surgical debridement.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of HOM for clinicians.
  • Emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment selection.
  • Contributes to understanding HOM's global health impact, particularly in endemic regions.

Related Concept Videos

Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Amebiasis01:28

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

Overview of Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...
Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies. Common...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...