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Psychological distress: concept analysis.

Sheila H Ridner1

  • 1Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, USA. sheila.ridner@vanderbilt.edu

Journal of Advanced Nursing
|March 11, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Psychological distress is a poorly defined concept in nursing, causing confusion for healthcare providers. This analysis clarifies psychological distress to improve patient care and guide future nursing research.

Area of Science:

  • Nursing Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The term 'distress' is broadly used in nursing to describe patient discomfort, but 'psychological distress' may be more accurate.
  • Psychological distress is often conflated with strain, stress, and distress, leading to definitional ambiguity.
  • This ambiguity hinders nurses' ability to effectively manage patients experiencing psychological distress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a concept analysis of psychological distress using Walker and Avant's criteria.
  • To identify the attributes, antecedents, and consequences of psychological distress.
  • To establish psychological distress as a distinct concept and inform clinical nursing interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed across major databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Ovid, PsychINFO, Cancer Lit) spanning 50 years.

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  • Content analysis was employed to review and synthesize findings from the literature.
  • Walker and Avant's (1995) concept analysis framework guided the study.

    • Main Results:

    • The literature review revealed that the concept of psychological distress is frequently used but lacks clear articulation and definition.
    • The origin and precise meaning of psychological distress remain ill-defined in existing healthcare literature.
    • Existing research often embeds psychological distress within broader terms like strain, stress, and distress.

    Conclusions:

    • Psychological distress is a significant issue encountered by nurses daily.
    • A clearer understanding of psychological distress is essential for nurses to effectively manage patient care.
    • Further nursing research is needed to explore and define psychological distress more comprehensively.