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SELENIUM IN HIGHER PLANTS.

N. Terry1, A. M. Zayed, M. P. De Souza

  • 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-3102;

Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology
|March 12, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Plants exhibit diverse selenium (Se) responses. This review details Se metabolism, toxicity, and tolerance in accumulator vs. non-accumulator species, exploring phytoremediation applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Plants display varied physiological responses to selenium (Se), with some species accumulating high concentrations (Se accumulators) while others are sensitive (Se non-accumulators).
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for managing Se-affected soils and for exploring Se's role in plant biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the physiology and biochemistry of Se uptake, transport, assimilation, volatilization, and protein incorporation in plants.
  • To explore mechanisms of Se toxicity and tolerance in different plant types.
  • To discuss molecular insights into Se metabolism and essentiality, and the potential of phytoremediation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing research on plant selenium physiology and biochemistry.
  • Analysis of molecular approaches investigating sulfate transporters and sulfur assimilation enzymes in Se metabolism.
  • Examination of studies on phytovolatilization and phytoremediation of selenium.

Main Results:

  • Significant variation exists in plant Se accumulation and tolerance, influenced by uptake, transport, and assimilation pathways.
  • Molecular studies are elucidating the roles of specific transporters and enzymes in selenate uptake and metabolism.
  • Phytovolatilization offers a mechanism for plants to detoxify Se, and phytoremediation presents a strategy for environmental cleanup.

Conclusions:

  • Plant responses to selenium are complex, involving intricate biochemical pathways and tolerance mechanisms.
  • Further molecular research is needed to fully understand Se essentiality and metabolic regulation in plants.
  • Phytoremediation using Se-metabolizing plants holds promise for cleaning selenium-contaminated environments.

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