[Principles for the control of sexually transmitted infections in tropical areas]

Owing to their frequency and their own complications, sexually transmitted infections (STI) constitute a very classical health problem, especially in developing areas. The interest for those diseases has been on the rise since the beginning of the AIDS pandemic. Conventional sexually transmitted diseases (such as syphilis, chancroid, infections due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae and to Chlamydia trachomatis) are potent cofactors of HIV transmission. It has been established that the treatment of patients with STI was able to lower the HIV incidence at the community level. Today the fight against STI relies mainly on preventive measures (promotion of lower risk sexual behaviours, blood transfusion safety), and on medical management of patients with STI. In order to treat rapidly cheaply and efficiently a great number of patients, standardised syndromic approaches, using generic drugs, have been elaborated for the most common STI. Other important complementary measures are based on the treatment of sexual partners and on the promotion of condom use. In addition to prevention of their specific complications, the fight against STI has become a major component of health policies against AIDS in developing countries.