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Hydrofluoric acid burns.

M Hatzifotis1, A Williams, M Muller

  • 1Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Australia.

Burns : Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries
|March 17, 2004
PubMed
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Hydrofluoric acid (HF) burns are uncommon but serious, often needing surgery. Immediate treatment with calcium gluconate and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) is recommended for skin exposure.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Dermatology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Hydrofluoric acid (HF) exposure can cause severe chemical burns.
  • Prompt and effective management is crucial to minimize tissue damage and systemic toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review institutional experience with HF burns.
  • To present management guidelines, including a novel topical calcium and DMSO treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 42 patients with HF burns from 1977-1999.
  • Data collected on patient demographics, burn characteristics, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • HF burns affected 42 patients, with a median burn size of 1% TBSA.
  • Upper limbs were most commonly affected (74%).

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  • Seventeen percent of patients required surgical intervention.

    • Conclusions:

    • HF burns, though uncommon, are problematic and frequently necessitate surgical treatment.
    • Recommended management includes immediate lavage followed by topical DMSO and calcium gluconate for cutaneous burns.
    • Intravenous regional calcium (Bier's block) or subcutaneous infiltration may be indicated for hand/forearm injuries.