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Related Experiment Videos

Low-frequency sonophoresis: a review.

Samir Mitragotri1, Joseph Kost

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. samir@engineering.ucsb.edu

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|March 17, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Low-frequency ultrasound significantly enhances skin permeability for transdermal drug delivery and glucose extraction via sonophoresis. This review covers mechanisms, applications, and synergistic effects with other enhancers.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Ultrasound application, known as sonophoresis, increases skin permeability to various molecules.
  • Low-frequency ultrasound (f<100 kHz) demonstrates particularly significant enhancement effects.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for optimizing transdermal delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms and applications of low-frequency sonophoresis.
  • To summarize studies on low-frequency ultrasound's impact on transdermal drug delivery and glucose extraction.
  • To explore the synergistic effects of low-frequency ultrasound with other delivery enhancers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies on low-frequency ultrasound.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of mechanistic investigations into sonophoresis.
  • Compilation of research on combined enhancement strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Low-frequency ultrasound effectively enhances transdermal transport of molecules.
    • Demonstrated efficacy in both drug delivery and glucose extraction applications.
    • Synergistic effects observed when combined with chemical enhancers and iontophoresis.

    Conclusions:

    • Low-frequency sonophoresis is a promising technique for enhancing transdermal delivery.
    • Further research into mechanisms and combinations can optimize therapeutic outcomes.
    • Potential for improved non-invasive treatments and monitoring.