Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 25, 2026

Assessing the Accuracy of Fitness Smartwatch Data for Cardiovascular and Physical Activity Monitoring: A Validation Study in Digital Health
Published on: February 21, 2025
Validation of the Pharma-Smart PS-2000 public use blood pressure monitor
1Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. bsalpert@utmem.edu
Objective:
To test the Pharma-Smart Model PS-2000 public use blood pressure monitor for compliance with the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation's Standard (AAMI) and to a modified British Hypertension Society (BHS) Protocol.
Methods:
Subjects tested ranged in age from 18-74, with the average age of 40. Arm circumference ranged from 22-38 cm. Resting systolic blood pressure (BP) ranged from 91-252 mmHg, and resting diastolic pressure ranged from 57-160 mmHg. There were 44 males, and 41 females. For each subject the readings obtained by the PS-2000 were compared with auscultatory readings obtained by two clinicians, blinded to the results of each other and the device. The manual reference measurements were alternated with the readings obtained by the device.
Results:
The average differences between the reference readings (average of the two clinicians) using the AAMI analysis and the automated readings were 0.07+/-7.0 mmHg (Mean+/-SD) for systolic BP, and -0.3+/-6.6 mmHg for diastolic BP.
Conclusions:
The device met the accuracy requirements of the AAMI standard. In addition, when the data were analyzed to assess the compliance with the current British Hypertension Society Protocol (BHS), the device earned the highest rating of 'A' for both systolic and diastolic pressure. We believe that the Pharma-Smart PS-2000 will provide valid readings when placed in non-medical public use sites.
Related Concept Videos
Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure
This invasive approach involves cannulating a peripheral artery. During each cardiac contraction, pressure generates mechanical motion within the catheter, transmitted through rigid, fluid-filled tubing to a transducer. This transducer converts mechanical motion into electrical signals displayed as waveforms on a monitor. An automatic flushing system prevents blood backflow. Due to the potential risk of unexpected arterial blood loss, this method is primarily used in intensive...
Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(one-step method)
Prepare for the Procedure:
Special considerations while measuring blood pressure
Monitoring Both Arms:
Monitoring BP in both arms during the initial assessment is advisable, as the systolic value may differ by five to ten mm Hg between arms. For subsequent BP assessments, use the arm with the higher reading.
Measurement of Blood Pressure
Sites for measuring blood pressure
The Brachial Artery: Primary Site for Blood Pressure Measurement
Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)