Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 25, 2026

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
08:52

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Published on: February 22, 2019

[Expected incidence of post-vaccination complications in vaccination programs]

Sandra Puvacić1, Mirsada Mulaomerović, Sead Karakas

  • 1Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu.

Medicinski Arhiv
|March 17, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Adverse immunization reactions in children in Bosnia and Herzegovina are comparable to high-quality vaccination programs. Serious adverse events like polio, toxic syndrome, or sudden deaths were not recorded during 2002-2003.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Vaccination programs are crucial for child health.
  • Monitoring adverse immunization reactions is essential for program safety.
  • Federation Bosnia and Herzegovina has a vaccination program for children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the incidence and types of adverse immunization reactions in children.
  • To compare the safety profile of the vaccination program with international standards.
  • To identify specific adverse events following immunization (AEFI) and their rates.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) data.
  • Classification of AEFI based on vaccine type and incidence per 100,000 administered vaccines.
  • Data collection for the period 2002-2003.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of adverse immunization reactions was similar in kind and frequency to high-quality vaccination programs.
  • No cases of specific severe adverse events, including vaccine-derived polio, toxic syndrome, or sudden acute deaths, were registered.
  • Specific incidence rates included: suppurative lymphadenitis (BCG) 32/100,000; anaphylaxis (MMR) 0.8/100,000; encephalopathy (DTP) 1/100,000; and anaphylaxis (TT) 2/100,000.

Conclusions:

  • The vaccination program in Federation Bosnia and Herzegovina demonstrates a safety profile comparable to international standards.
  • The program effectively prevents severe adverse events.
  • Continued monitoring of AEFI is recommended to maintain program safety and public trust.

More Related Videos

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen07:44

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Published on: May 12, 2023

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Chickenpox01:20

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Its transmission occurs primarily through the inhalation of respiratory droplets or direct contact with vesicular fluid from skin lesions. The incubation period typically ranges from 10 to 21 days, during which the virus replicates and disseminates through sequential phases within the host. Although generally self-limiting in children,...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...