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Basic emotions, relations among emotions, and emotion-cognition relations.

¹Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark 19716.

Psychological Review

|July 1, 1992

Summary

The concept of basic emotions is challenged by cognitive theory, while biosocial theory posits basic emotions are fundamental for adaptation, shaped by innate factors and cognition interactions.

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Neuroscience
Evolutionary Biology

Background:

Cognitive theory questions the validity of 'basic emotions,' viewing them as cognition-dependent and not psychologically or biologically primitive.
Biosocial theory defines basic emotions by their essential biological and social functions crucial for evolution and adaptation, independent of cognitive mediation.

Discussion:

The debate centers on whether emotions are fundamentally cognitive or have innate, non-cognitive bases.
Biosocial theory identifies basic emotions by innate neural substrates, universal expressions, and unique feeling-motivational states.

Key Insights:

Basic emotions are defined by evolutionary essentiality, innate substrates, universal expressions, and unique motivational states.
The diversity of emotional experiences arises from interactions between innate emotional components and cognitive processes.

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Outlook:

Future research should explore the interplay between innate emotional systems and cognitive appraisal in shaping complex emotional experiences.
Investigating the neural and genetic underpinnings of basic emotions will further elucidate their role in human adaptation and behavior.