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Dysfunctional assumptions in bipolar disorder.

Dominic Lam1, Kim Wright, Neil Smith

  • 1Psychology Department, Henry Wellcome Building, Institute of Psychiatry, DeCrespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. spjtdhl@iop.kcl.ac.uk

Journal of Affective Disorders
|March 17, 2004
PubMed
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Bipolar patients exhibit higher goal-attainment attitudes than unipolar patients, a finding linked to illness severity. This highlights dysfunctional attitudes in bipolar disorder risk and course.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Background:

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) shows promise for bipolar disorder, but dysfunctional attitudes in bipolar vs. unipolar patients are unclear.
  • Existing scales for dysfunctional attitudes (DAS) lack factors reflecting high goal striving, a proposed risk factor for bipolar disorder.
  • This study aimed to identify unique dysfunctional attitude factors in bipolar patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in dysfunctional attitudes between bipolar and unipolar patients.
  • To identify and validate new factors within the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) relevant to bipolar disorder.
  • To explore the relationship between identified factors and illness characteristics.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • 143 bipolar I patients completed the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS-24).
  • Principal component analysis was used to derive attitude factors.
  • Factors were compared between bipolar patients and 109 unipolar patients.

    • Main Results:

    • Three factors were derived: 'Goal-attainment' (25.0%), 'Dependency' (11.0%), and 'Achievement' (8.2%).
    • No significant differences were found between bipolar and unipolar patients initially.
    • Excluding patients in a major depressive episode, bipolar patients (n=49) scored significantly higher on 'Goal-attainment' than euthymic unipolar patients (n=25).
    • 'Goal-attainment' scores correlated with hospitalization history for manic and bipolar episodes.

    Conclusions:

    • The 'Goal-attainment' subscale identifies risky attitudes relevant to bipolar disorder theories.
    • These specific beliefs may interact with the illness, potentially leading to a more severe course in bipolar patients.