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The impact of evidence-based education on a perinatal capacity-building initiative in Macedonia
Heather E Jeffery1, Mirjana Kocova, Fimka Tozija
1RPA Newborn Care, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia. hjeffery@med.usyd.edu.au
Insights
Macedonia
Area of Science:
- Perinatal Medicine
- Medical Education
- Public Health Initiatives
Background:
- Macedonia faced high perinatal mortality rates (PMR).
- A national strategy was developed with World Bank support to reduce PMR.
- A hospital-based educational initiative focused on evidence-based perinatal practices.
Purpose of the Study:
- To detail the development, implementation, and evaluation of a perinatal educational intervention.
- To enhance the capacity of healthcare professionals in evidence-based perinatal care.
- To assess the impact of the intervention on perinatal mortality rates.
Main Methods:
- A needs-based curriculum was designed using interactive teaching methods.
- A 'train the teachers' model involved international training in Sydney and local training in Skopje.
- Evaluation included trainee feedback, competence assessment, practice changes, and PMR comparison.
Main Results:
- 115 healthcare professionals completed the program, with over 80% positive feedback.
- Evidence-based practices were implemented in 16 hospitals covering 91% of births.
- Perinatal mortality rate significantly decreased from 27.4 to 21.5 per 1000 births.
Conclusions:
- The educational intervention successfully enhanced capacity for evidence-based perinatal medicine in Macedonia.
- The 'train the teachers' approach demonstrated sustainability.
- Improvements in perinatal outcomes were observed, alongside strengthened infrastructure.
Context:
The perinatal mortality rate (PMR) in Macedonia is among the highest in Europe. The World Bank supported a consultant (HEJ) to collaborate with a Macedonian team to develop a national perinatal strategy with the goal of reducing the PMR. Education was given priority in the form of a hospital-based initiative to develop the capacity of health professionals to introduce evidence-based perinatal practice into 16 participating hospitals. A "train the teachers" approach was used, with trainees introduced to modern education and clinical practice in Sydney and subsequently supported to train their colleagues in Skopje.
Objectives:
To describe the development, implementation and evaluation of the educational intervention.
Methods:
A curriculum, based on specific Macedonian needs, was developed in order to integrate teaching in the knowledge, skills and attitudinal domains of learning, using small group, interactive techniques. Twenty-five Macedonian doctors and nurses participated in 4-month (phase 1a) and 6-month (phase 1b) teaching programmes at a tertiary perinatal unit in Sydney. Australian staff conducted 4 2-week modules for 36 trainees in Macedonia (phase 2). The phase 1 trainees conducted 8 modules for 57 colleagues in Skopje (phase 3). The intervention was evaluated by trainee questionnaires, assessments of competence, changes in hospital practice and pre- (1997-99) and post-intervention (2000-01) comparisons of PMR.
Results:
A total of 115 doctors and nurses graduated from the programme. Positive responses to the education programme exceeded 80%. Evidence-based practice in 16 participating hospitals (covering 91% of all Macedonian births) was verified in 6 key areas of neonatology. The PMR fell significantly from 27.4 to 21.5 per 1000 births (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.73, 0.85). The early neonatal death rate in babies weighing over 1000 g fell by 36%.
Conclusions:
The intervention has increased the capacity of Macedonians to practise best-evidence perinatal medicine and improve outcomes. Sustainability is predicted by the "train the teachers" approach, with concurrent strengthening of the infrastructure and organisational framework.
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