Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring spin-active...

Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators

Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators

Vasodilators, primarily affecting the smooth muscles within arterial and venous walls, are commonly used for hypertension treatment. Medications such as minoxidil and hydralazine primarily target arteries and arterioles, while sodium nitroprusside acts on arterioles and venules. Minoxidil, functioning as a prodrug, is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase into its active form, minoxidil sulfate, after oral administration. This metabolite binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) component of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Reply: New Aspects of Vasospastic Angina: Coronary Adventitial and Perivascular Adipose Tissue Inflammation.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology·2018

Same author

Whole-brain low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy markedly improves cognitive dysfunctions in mouse models of dementia - Crucial roles of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.

Brain stimulation·2018

Same author

International Expert Consensus Document on Takotsubo Syndrome (Part II): Diagnostic Workup, Outcome, and Management.

European heart journal·2018

Same author

International Expert Consensus Document on Takotsubo Syndrome (Part I): Clinical Characteristics, Diagnostic Criteria, and Pathophysiology.

European heart journal·2018

Same author

Life-threatening Hyperkalemia Associated with Axitinib Treatment in Patients with Recurrent Renal Carcinoma.

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)·2018

Same author

Clinical determinants of successful weaning from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with fulminant myocarditis.

ESC heart failure·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases

Published on: February 24, 2018

Hydrogen peroxide as an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor.

Hiroaki Shimokawa¹, Tetsuya Matoba

¹Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidaishi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. shimo@cardiol.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp

Pharmacological Research

|March 18, 2004

Summary

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is identified as a key endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), crucial for vascular homeostasis. This finding highlights the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vascular responses and interactions with nitric oxide (NO).

More Related Videos

Imaging of mtHyPer7, a Ratiometric Biosensor for Mitochondrial Peroxide, in Living Yeast Cells

Imaging of mtHyPer7, a Ratiometric Biosensor for Mitochondrial Peroxide, in Living Yeast Cells

Published on: June 2, 2023

Membraneless Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells as a Promising Clean Energy Source

Membraneless Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells as a Promising Clean Energy Source

Published on: October 20, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases

Published on: February 24, 2018

Imaging of mtHyPer7, a Ratiometric Biosensor for Mitochondrial Peroxide, in Living Yeast Cells

Imaging of mtHyPer7, a Ratiometric Biosensor for Mitochondrial Peroxide, in Living Yeast Cells

Published on: June 2, 2023

Membraneless Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells as a Promising Clean Energy Source

Membraneless Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells as a Promising Clean Energy Source

Published on: October 20, 2023

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Physiology
Endothelial Function
Reactive Oxygen Species Biology

Background:

The vascular endothelium regulates vascular homeostasis through vasodilating factors like prostacyclin, nitric oxide (NO), and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHF).
The precise identity and mechanisms of EDHF have remained elusive, with several candidates proposed, including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), potassium ions (K+), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
Electrical communication via gap junctions between endothelial and smooth muscle cells is also implicated in endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a significant endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF).
To elucidate the production, action, and pathophysiological roles of H2O2 in endothelium-dependent vascular responses.
To highlight the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vascular physiology and their interplay with nitric oxide (NO).

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on studies investigating EDHF candidates.
Analysis of research examining the production of H2O2 by endothelial cells.
Examination of studies detailing the effects of H2O2 on smooth muscle membrane potentials and vascular tone.

Main Results:

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is presented as a strong candidate for EDHF, effectively explaining interactions with NO.
The production of H2O2 by the endothelium and its direct action on membrane potentials are supported by current evidence.
H2O2's role in pathophysiological conditions related to vascular dysfunction is highlighted.

Conclusions:

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a critical EDHF, contributing significantly to vascular homeostasis.
Understanding H2O2's function advances knowledge of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vascular signaling.
This review underscores the physiological relevance of H2O2 in endothelium-dependent vasodilation and its implications in disease.