Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood03:34

Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood

Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships.
Socioemotional Development during Infancy01:30

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Stella Chess...
Attachment01:20

Attachment

Attachment is vital for infant development, as warm social interactions support growth and well-being. In a classic 1958 study by Harry Harlow, the significance of warmth and comfort in forming attachments was examined. Harlow separated newborn monkeys from their mothers and provided two artificial "mothers": one made of cold wire and the other covered in soft cloth. Despite the wire mother offering food, the infant monkeys preferred the comfort of the cloth mother, demonstrating that physical...
Personality Disorders: Schizotypal and Histrionic01:20

Personality Disorders: Schizotypal and Histrionic

Schizotypal personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder are two distinct psychological conditions classified under personality disorders, each characterized by unique behavioral patterns and social difficulties. Both disorders significantly affect interpersonal relationships and emotional well-being, leading to social isolation and frustration.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Eccentric Behavior and Social Withdrawal
Schizotypal personality disorder is marked by odd or eccentric...
Attachment Styles01:24

Attachment Styles

Jeffrey Simpson's attachment theory suggests that early caregiver relationships shape lasting patterns of behavior and emotional regulation, known as attachment styles. These patterns are organized along two key dimensions: self-esteem and interpersonal trust. The intersection of these dimensions produces four primary attachment styles that typically persist throughout life and significantly influence how individuals form and maintain relationships.Secure Attachment StyleIndividuals with a...
Hazan and Shaver's Attachment Styles01:28

Hazan and Shaver's Attachment Styles

Attachment theory, developed initially to explain infant–caregiver bonds, has been extended to illuminate patterns of intimacy in adult romantic relationships. Psychologists Cindy Hazan and Phillip Shaver proposed that the attachment styles observed in infancy form a framework for how individuals approach emotional closeness and conflict in adulthood. These attachment styles—secure, avoidant, and anxious—are linked to enduring patterns of behavior and emotional regulation in adult relationships.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Long-term cardiometabolic effects of early institutionalization and foster care: Evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project.

Development and psychopathology·2026
Same author

Telomere trajectories from early adolescence to adulthood following early institutionalization: Protective effects of foster care in the Bucharest Early Intervention Project.

Psychoneuroendocrinology·2026
Same author

Differential impacts of parental attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder on early maternal-infant attachment.

JCPP advances·2026
Same author

Early psychosocial deprivation alters the refinement of neural dynamics across adolescence.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Practitioner Review: Infant mental health meets cell and molecular biology - a look to the future.

Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines·2026
Same author

Caregiving Quality Across Development and Secure Base Knowledge among Adolescents with a History of Institutional Care.

Adversity and resilience science·2025
Same journal

Face-To-Face Vs. Online Behavioral Parent Training for Young Children with ADHD: Child and Parent Outcomes.

Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53·2026
Same journal

Transactional Associations Between Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Pre-Adolescent Children's ADHD Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53·2026
Same journal

Parent Profiles as Predictors of Emotion Dysregulation in Adolescence: Comparing Youth With and Without ADHD.

Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53·2026
Same journal

Probing Relations of Attachment with PTSD in Latinx Asylum-Seeking Youth Released from Federal Custody.

Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53·2026
Same journal

Parents' Fatalism Beliefs Moderate the Association Between COVID-19 Stressors and Internalizing Symptoms in Mexican-Heritage Children.

Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53·2026
Same journal

Evidence Base Update: Six Decades of Research on Treatment for Child and Adolescent Anxiety.

Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

The Other End of the Leash: An Experimental Test to Analyze How Owners Interact with Their Pet Dogs
08:59

The Other End of the Leash: An Experimental Test to Analyze How Owners Interact with Their Pet Dogs

Published on: October 13, 2017

Temperament and attachment disorders.

Charles H Zeanah1, Nathan A Fox

  • 1Institute of Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. czeanah@tulane.edu

Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology : the Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53
|March 19, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Temperament may explain why children with reactive attachment disorder (RAD) display distinct behaviors despite similar adverse environments. Further research is needed to explore biological factors in attachment disorders.

More Related Videos

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
07:56

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Published on: September 19, 2019

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
07:30

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study

Published on: August 18, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

The Other End of the Leash: An Experimental Test to Analyze How Owners Interact with Their Pet Dogs
08:59

The Other End of the Leash: An Experimental Test to Analyze How Owners Interact with Their Pet Dogs

Published on: October 13, 2017

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
07:56

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Published on: September 19, 2019

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
07:30

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study

Published on: August 18, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Child Development
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) presents with socially aberrant behaviors in children due to maltreatment or lack of selective attachments.
  • Two distinct patterns of RAD exist: emotionally withdrawn-inhibited and indiscriminate-disinhibited, with unclear origins from similar adverse environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential role of temperament in the differing manifestations of RAD.
  • To address the lack of data on temperament's influence on attachment disorder development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on RAD and its behavioral patterns.
  • Consideration of temperamental differences as a contributing factor.
  • Discussion of potential research directions for biological underpinnings.

Main Results:

  • No current data explain the divergent RAD patterns (withdrawn-inhibited vs. indiscriminate-disinhibited) from similar adverse environments.
  • The association between attachment and temperament is well-studied but not specifically in relation to attachment disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Temperamental differences may be a key factor in the distinct presentations of RAD.
  • Further research is warranted to investigate the biological basis of attachment disorders and the influence of temperament.