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Plague in Kazakhstan at the present time
Alim Aikimbajev1, Tatyana Meka-Mechenko, Gulnara Temiralieva
1Kazakh Scientific Center for Quarantine and Zoonotic Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan. aam@ksqzd.kz
Przeglad Epidemiologiczny
|March 20, 2004
Summary
Plague cases in Kazakhstan from 1990-2002 show high mortality, but new treatments reduced deaths. Preventive vaccination and controlling infected camels are crucial for public health.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- Plague remains a threat in Kazakhstan, with 19 human and 2 carrier cases recorded between 1990 and 2002.
- Bubonic and septicemic plague were diagnosed, affecting predominantly men (73.6%).
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze plague epidemiology in Kazakhstan.
- To evaluate the impact of new treatment schemes and preventive measures.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of plague cases (1990-2002).
- Review of treatment outcomes and preventive strategies, including vaccination and camel surveillance.
Main Results:
- A total of 19 human plague cases were reported, with a 31.6% mortality rate.
- New treatment schemes significantly reduced plague lethality.
- Camel slaughter and flea bites were primary infection routes.
- The Central Asian desert plague focus remains highly active, with increased epidemic potential due to anthropogenic factors.
Conclusions:
- Effective plague control requires continued vaccination and monitoring of animal reservoirs, particularly camels.
- Decreased epidemiological surveillance in natural foci poses a growing risk.
- Prompt and improved treatment is vital for reducing plague mortality.