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Related Concept Videos

Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair growth — and...
Ovaries01:26

Ovaries

The ovaries are roughly the size of almonds and measure approximately 2 to 3 centimeters in length. These paired structures are situated within the pelvic region and are anchored by the mesovarium—a peritoneal extension that also connects them to the wider structure of the broad ligament. The support system extends to the suspensory ligament, housing blood and lymphatic vessels. In addition, the ovarian ligament tethers the ovaries to the uterus.
On the ovarian surface, a layer of cuboidal...
Folliculogenesis01:20

Folliculogenesis

Folliculogenesis is the development of ovarian follicles, the specialized structures within the ovarian cortex where oogenesis, or egg development, occurs. This process is essential for female reproductive health and begins during fetal development when primordial follicles are formed. Each primordial follicle comprises a primary oocyte in the center, surrounded by a single layer of squamous pre-granulosa cells. These follicles remain dormant in late prophase I of meiosis until triggered by...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Assessment of Ovarian Cancer Spheroid Attachment and Invasion of Mesothelial Cells in Real Time
14:25

Assessment of Ovarian Cancer Spheroid Attachment and Invasion of Mesothelial Cells in Real Time

Published on: May 20, 2014

Androgens and ovarian cancers.

P H Wang, C Chang

    European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology
    |March 23, 2004
    PubMed
    Summary

    Androgens and their receptor (AR) play a complex role in ovarian cancer development and progression. Understanding these interactions is crucial for improving treatment strategies for this lethal malignancy.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Gynecologic Oncology
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Epithelial ovarian cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in women.
    • Steroid hormones, particularly androgens, are increasingly implicated in ovarian cancer etiology and progression.
    • The androgen receptor (AR) is present in ovarian tissues and plays a role in normal ovarian function.

    Discussion:

    • High serum androgen levels correlate with increased ovarian cancer risk.
    • Androgen receptor (AR) positivity in ovarian cancer tissue (90%) is linked to better patient outcomes.
    • Androgens can either promote or inhibit ovarian cancer cell growth, indicating a complex regulatory role.
    • Chemotherapy can reduce androgen production by ovarian cancer cells.

    Key Insights:

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    Human Ovarian Surface Epithelium Organoids as a Platform to Study Tissue Regeneration

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    Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

    Assessment of Ovarian Cancer Spheroid Attachment and Invasion of Mesothelial Cells in Real Time
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    Published on: May 20, 2014

    Transplantation Into the Mouse Ovarian Fat Pad
    09:25

    Transplantation Into the Mouse Ovarian Fat Pad

    Published on: September 7, 2016

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    • The androgen receptor (AR) is a key player in ovarian cancer.
    • Androgen levels and AR status are prognostic indicators in ovarian cancer.
    • Androgens exhibit dual roles in regulating ovarian cancer cell proliferation.

    Outlook:

    • Further research into androgens, AR, and AR coregulators is needed.
    • Targeting androgen signaling pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for ovarian cancer.
    • Understanding the balance of steroid hormones in postmenopausal women is critical for ovarian cancer prevention.