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p63: Molecular complexity in development and cancer.

Matthew D Westfall1, Jennifer A Pietenpol

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.

Carcinogenesis
|March 23, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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The p63 protein, a p53 homolog, plays a key role in epithelial cell development and maintenance. Unlike p53, p63 can act as an oncogene, with its over-expression linked to squamous carcinomas.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Discovery of p53 homologs p63 and p73 has advanced the p53 research field.
  • p63, though ancient, is the least understood p53 family member.
  • p63 exhibits distinct expression patterns compared to p53, being constitutively expressed in specific epithelial cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review focuses on the biochemical and biological properties of the p53 homolog p63.
  • To elucidate the role of p63 in development, epithelial cell maintenance, and tumorigenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on p63.
  • Analysis of p63 expression patterns in various tissues.
  • Examination of p63's role in different biological processes and diseases.

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Main Results:

  • p63 is highly expressed in embryonic ectoderm and adult basal regenerative epithelial cells.
  • Over-expression of p63 splice variants is associated with squamous carcinomas, suggesting oncogenic potential.
  • p63's functions are diverse and its gene regulation is complex.

Conclusions:

  • p63 is crucial for epithelial development and maintenance.
  • p63's role in tumorigenesis, particularly as an oncogene, warrants further investigation.
  • Continued research using model systems and human disease studies will advance understanding of p63's multifaceted roles.