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[Paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathies].

J-C Antoine1, J-P Camdessanche

  • 1Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Bellevue, Saint-Etienne. j.christophe.antoine@chu-st-etienne.fr

Revue Neurologique
|March 23, 2004
PubMed
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Paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathies are diverse, with a clear tumor-neuropathy link in specific cases, often involving anti-Hu antibodies. Some neuropathies may improve with cancer treatment, suggesting immune targets like gangliosides.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Context:

  • Paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathies represent a complex group of neurological disorders.
  • Establishing a direct link between a tumor and neuropathy is often challenging, occurring in only a subset of patients.
  • Definite paraneoplastic neuropathies are characterized by antibodies targeting antigens shared by the peripheral nervous system and cancer cells.

Purpose:

  • To delineate the heterogeneous nature of paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathies.
  • To highlight the diagnostic criteria for definite paraneoplastic neuropathies, focusing on antibody-mediated mechanisms.
  • To review the spectrum of associated neuropathies and potential immune targets.

Summary:

  • Neuropathies associated with anti-Hu antibodies are most common, typically presenting as subacute sensory neuronopathy.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Sensory or sensory-motor neuropathies linked to anti-CV2 antibodies are less frequent.
  • Other forms, including inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies, vasculitis, motor neuron diseases, and autonomic neuropathies, have a less defined cancer link, with cancer prevalence ranging from 1-18%.
  • Emerging evidence points to gangliosides as potential targets in melanoma-associated neuropathies.

    • Impact:

    • Improved understanding of paraneoplastic neuropathies aids in diagnosis and management.
    • Identification of specific antibodies (e.g., anti-Hu) refines diagnostic accuracy.
    • Potential for targeted therapies based on identified immune targets, possibly improving patient outcomes.