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Drug-phytochemical interactions.

Costas Ioannides1

  • 1Molecular Toxicology Group, School of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK. c.ioannides@surrey.ac.uk

Inflammopharmacology
|March 24, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Increased consumption of phytochemicals from diets and supplements can alter drug metabolism and absorption. This interaction with drug-metabolising enzymes (cytochromes P450) and transporters affects drug effectiveness.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Human exposure to phytochemicals has increased due to dietary shifts towards fruits, vegetables, and supplements.
  • Phytochemicals are known to interact with drug-metabolising enzyme systems, particularly cytochromes P450.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of phytochemicals on drug metabolism and drug transporters.
  • To understand the clinical relevance of drug-phytochemical interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on phytochemicals, drug metabolism, and drug transporters.
  • Analysis of how phytochemicals modulate cytochrome P450 activity, especially in the intestine.
  • Examination of phytochemical interactions with drug transporters affecting drug absorption.

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Main Results:

  • Phytochemicals can either induce or inhibit cytochrome P450 activity, primarily in the intestinal tract.
  • Altered cytochrome P450 activity influences the first-pass metabolism of numerous drugs.
  • Phytochemicals can modify drug absorption by interacting with drug transporters.

Conclusions:

  • Phytochemicals possess the potential to significantly alter drug effectiveness.
  • These interactions can lead to either diminished or exaggerated pharmacological activity of medications.
  • Understanding drug-phytochemical interactions is crucial for safe and effective pharmacotherapy.