Use of oxytocin and cloprostenol to facilitate semen collection by electroejaculation or transrectal massage in bulls

Two experiments were conducted with 24 bulls in which semen collection was attempted by transrectal massage (RM) and electroejaculation (EE). In experiment 1, bulls received the following treatments on successive semen collection days: saline 10 min prior to electroejaculation (control); saline 10 min prior to 2 min of transrectal massage followed by electroejaculation; cloprostenol (CLO) 10 min prior to 2 min of transrectal massage followed by electroejaculation; oxytocin (OXY) 10 min prior to 2 min of transrectal massage followed by electroejaculation. Transrectal massage consisted of general, back and forth motion over the ampullae, prostate and urethra with a flattened hand. In experiment 2, bulls received saline (control), oxytocin, or cloprostenol 10 min before attempting semen collection by transrectal massage. Massage was applied specifically to the ampullae for a maximum of 5 min or until a semen sample was obtained. Electroejaculation was attempted in all bulls following transrectal massage. In experiment 1, semen was obtained in <1% of bulls by transrectal massage. However, by using an improved massage technique in experiment 2, semen was obtained in 97.2% of attempts. Semen was obtained in 96.9 and 98.9% of attempts by electroejaculation in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Oxytocin treatment increased the time to penile protrusion during electroejaculation in experiment 1 and during massage in experiment 2. In experiment 1, oxytocin decreased the time to semen emission and tended to decrease the number of electroejaculation stimuli to semen emission. Cloprostenol treatment, in experiment 1, resulted in an increased number of electroejaculation stimuli to penile protrusion, but did not affect the number of stimuli required for semen emission. Massage of the ampullae prior to electroejaculation reduced both the time to semen emission and the number of electroejaculation stimuli required for semen emission. Transrectal massage of the ampullae was very effective in this experiment for producing semen emission, but quantity of semen samples was less than for electroejaculation. The usefulness of transrectal massage for semen collection in breeding soundness evaluations needs to be investigated further under field conditions.