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Related Experiment Videos

Behavioural state affects saccades elicited electrically from neocortex.

Edward J Tehovnik1, Warren M Slocum

  • 1Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 400 Main Street, E25-634 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. tehovnik@mit.edu

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|March 24, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Behavioral context significantly influences electrically evoked saccadic eye movements in monkeys. Motor state and reward delivery critically affect saccade generation, requiring careful experimental control.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Oculomotor Research
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Saccadic eye movements are crucial for visual exploration.
  • Electrical stimulation of the neocortex can elicit saccades.
  • Understanding factors influencing these evoked saccades is vital for interpreting neurophysiological experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how behavioral context impacts saccadic eye movements evoked by electrical neocortical stimulation in monkeys.
  • To identify specific factors within the behavioral context that modulate stimulation-evoked saccades.
  • To emphasize the importance of controlling behavioral state in experiments using cortical stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on electrical stimulation of the primate neocortex and resulting saccadic eye movements.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of factors influencing saccade generation, including motor state and reward delivery.
  • Examination of the cortical areas from which saccades can be evoked.

    • Main Results:

    • Motor state (free-viewing, fixation, pre-saccade) significantly affects the expression of stimulation-evoked saccades.
    • Reward delivery characteristics and timing can promote or inhibit saccade evocation.
    • Saccades can be evoked from widespread neocortical areas, including sensory and visuomotor regions, with low currents (<100 microA).

    Conclusions:

    • Behavioral context, specifically motor state and reward, must be experimentally controlled when using electrical neocortical stimulation.
    • Failure to control for behavioral context may obscure the interpretation of stimulation effects on sensory and cognitive processes.
    • Electrical stimulation can evoke saccades from a broader range of neocortical areas than previously assumed, particularly when behavioral state is managed.