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Updated: Aug 25, 2026

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
Published on: May 30, 2025
Relationship between changes in food group variety, dietary intake, and weight during obesity treatment
H A Raynor1, R W Jeffery, D F Tate
1Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA. hraynor@lifespan.org
Background:
Experimental studies show diets with greater variety in energy-dense foods increase consumption and body weight. Reducing variety in energy-dense food groups may decrease energy and dietary fat intake, promoting weight loss.
Objective:
This study examined changes in food group variety during obesity treatment and the relation between changes in food group variety, dietary intake, and weight.
Design:
Overweight men and women (n=202) were randomly assigned to one of two standard behavioral treatments with varying exercise prescriptions (exercise level of 4186 kJ/week (1000 kcal/week) or 10465 kJ/week (2500 kcal/week)), but received the same diet. Complete measures were obtained from 122 participants, of which 70 (58%) were female, with a mean body mass index of 31.3 kg/m(2) (s.d.=2.5).
Measurements:
Food group variety and diet composition were assessed at 0, 6, and 18 months from food-frequency questionnaires. Food group variety was calculated as percent of foods consumed on a weekly basis within a food group, irrespective of servings consumed.
Results:
Participants reported increased variety (P=0.001) in low-fat breads (LFB) and vegetables, and decreased variety (P=0.001) in high-fat foods (HFF), and fats, oils, and sweets (FOS) over the course of the 18-month study. From 0 to 6 months, decreased HFF and FOS variety was associated with reduced energy and percent dietary fat intake, and decreased HFF variety was related to weight loss. From 6 to 18 months, decreased HFF variety and increased LFB variety was associated with reduced percent dietary fat consumed and weight loss.
Conclusion:
Changing variety in specific food groups may help in adopting and sustaining a diet low in energy and fat, producing better weight loss and weight loss maintenance.
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