The cystic artery in human foetuses

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Surgical Anatomy
• Embryology

Background:

• The cystic artery's anatomical variations in origin, course, and number are critical for surgical procedures.
• Failure to recognize these variations can lead to dangerous complications, particularly during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
• Precise identification of anatomical structures, especially within the hepato-biliary triangle (Calot's triangle), is essential to prevent iatrogenic injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the anatomical variations of the cystic artery in human fetuses.
• To determine the origin of the cystic artery and its precise relationship with Calot's triangle.

Main Methods:

• Examination of fetal specimens to analyze the vasculature of the gallbladder.
• Detailed mapping of the cystic artery's origin, course, and position relative to surrounding biliary structures.

Main Results:

• The cystic artery was predominantly single (97.06%), with a double vessel observed in one instance (2.94%).
• Most commonly, it originated from the right proper hepatic artery (82.34%), with rarer origins from its trunk, left branch, or the gastroduodenal artery.
• The cystic artery typically traversed Calot's triangle (97.06%), usually running posterior to the common hepatic duct (67.66%). Short cystic artery trunks were more frequent.

Conclusions:

• Accurate anatomical knowledge of the cystic artery's variations is vital for surgical planning and patient safety.
• The study confirms the cystic artery's frequent origin from the right proper hepatic artery and its typical course within Calot's triangle.
• Awareness of these anatomical details aids in preventing surgical mishaps during gallbladder procedures.