Changes in plasma testosterone levels during the peri-hatching period in the chicken

Blood was obtained by heart puncture from 19-day-old Black Sex link chicken embryos and from Black Sex link chickens at 1.5, 6, or 24 h post-hatching. Plasma testosterone was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry associated with stable isotope dilution. At 19 days the plasma of male and female chick embryos contains measurable amounts of testosterone and levels do not differ between sexes. After hatching plasma testosterone gradually declines from pre-hatch concentrations in males and females, but in all the post-hatch ages studied, plasma testosterone was significantly higher in male than in female chicks. These results indicate that in male chickens, contrary to mammals at birth, there is no surge in plasma testosterone at hatching.